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	Subject of the scale: Low back pain

The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale		Download / Print : PDF

A self-report questionnaire initially written in English and French, widely used since the 1990's because of its simplicity and its short administration time (about 5 minutes) whose objective is to measure the functional repercussions of the lumbago on the simple actions of daily life.

It evaluates the functional impact of back pain on simple activities of daily living.

The patient is asked to rate the level of difficulty he/she has to carry out the activities listed in the scale, considering his/her back problems.

The total score is the sum of the scores selected by the patient (rated from 0 to 5 : 0 : not difficult at all. 1: minimally difficult. 2: somewhat difficult. 3: fairly difficult. 4 : very difficult. 5 : unable to do) for all the questions (20 questions).

The higher the score, the greater the functional impact of the back pain.

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Criteria	Psychometric properties		References
Validity	Face validity		[3]
	Content validity		[3]
	Criterion validity	Concurrent validity
		Predictive validity
	Construct validity	Convergent validity	[1] [3]
		Divergent validity	[3]
		Discriminant validity (sensitivity and distinctiveness)	[1] [2]
Reliability	Intra-rater reliability
	Inter-rater reliability
	Test-retest		[1] [2] [3] [4]
Internal consistency (alpha)			[1] [2] [3]
Responsiveness			[1] [2] [3] [4]

General comment on reliability:

We recall that this scale does not assess the pain but the difficulty in accomplishing tasks. The construct validity has shown strong correlation with the Roland Morris Questionnaire, the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire and the intensity of the pain and the physical scale of the SF-36.

Reference update:

To notify us of a missing reference, please use: contact@scale-library.com

For more details of the scale, the comments or the psychometric properties presented here, please contact Dr. François GENET : francois.genet@rpc.aphp.fr

References: Inaugural references: [1] Kopec JA, Esdaile JM, Abrahamovicz M, Abenhaim L, Wood-Dauphinee S, Lamping DL, et al. The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: measurements properties. Spine 1995;20:341-52. [2] Kopec JA, Esdaile JM, Abrahamowicz M, et al. The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: conceptualization and development. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49(2):151-61. Psychometric references: [3] Smeets R, Koke A, Lin CW, Ferreira M, Demoulin C. Measures of function in low back pain/disorders: Low back pain rating scale (lbprs), oswestry disability index (odi), progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (pile), quebec back pain disability scale (qbpds), and roland-morris disability questionnaire (rdq). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63 Suppl 11:S158-173. [4] Davidson M, Keating JL. A Comparison of Five Low Back Disability Questionnaires: Reliability and Responsiveness. PHYS THER. 2002; 82:8-24.

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< Back	Subject of the scale: Low back pain

Dallas Pain Questionnaire		Download / Print : PDF

Composite scale of the self-questionnaire type specific to lumbago, much used since the 90s because of its speed (5 minutes). The objective is to measure the pain and functional repercussions of lumbago on the simple actions of daily life by bringing in a cognitive-behavioural dimension for chronic pain (physical, psychological and social).

The patient must reply to 4 groups of separate questions concerning 1) daily activities (7 questions); 2) professional activities and leisure activity (3 questions); 3) anxiety/depression (3 questions); and 4) sociability (3 questions). A total of 16 questions, using an analogue visual scale for each question.

The patient must evaluate the level of pain associated with the question and mark the straight line of the EVA on the sheet by an X.

> Access to the scale is free

Criteria	Psychometric properties		References
Validity	Face validity
	Content validity		[1]
	Criterion validity	Concurrent validity
		Predictive validity	[1]
	Construct validity	Convergent validity
		Divergent validity
		Discriminant validity (sensitivity and distinctiveness)
Reliability	Intra-rater reliability
	Inter-rater reliability
	Test-retest		[1]
Internal consistency (alpha)			[1]
Responsiveness			[2]

General comment on reliability:

The construct validity has shown significant correlation with the other physical and psychological criteria as well as a significant discriminatory validity between acute lumbago and non-acute. The predictive validity of the scores enables targeting new cases of lumbago: if the dimensions "daily activity" and "work-leisure" are >50%, and the "anxiety-depression" dimensions and social behaviour are <50%, a medical treatment will be suggested. If the dimensions are the inverse, it seems appropriate to favour a behavioural treatment. If all the dimensions are >50%, a mixed treatment will be proposed.

Reference update:

To notify us of a missing reference, please use: contact@scale-library.com

The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire

Oswestry Disability Index

The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale

For more details of the scale, the comments or the psychometric properties presented here, please contact Dr. François GENET : francois.genet@rpc.aphp.fr

Inaugural references:

[1] Lawlis GF, Cuencas R, Selby D, McCoy CE. The development of Dallas pain questionnaire. Spine 1989; 14: 515-16.

Psychometric references:

[2] Haas M, Jacob GE, Raphael R, Petzing K. Low back pain outcome measurement assessment in chiropractic teaching clinics: responsiveness and applicability of two functional disbility questionnaire. J Manip Physiol Ther 1995;18:79-87.